Depression is a common and important health problem affecting the lives of many children and young adults. For many sufferers it has its roots in later childhood. The incidence increases sharply from early adolescence onwards. Depression manifests with increasing frequency as early adult life approaches and represents an escalating set of impairments across personal, family, social and educational life of children and young people. Its under-detection and under-treatment in the UK NHS is a major public health and personal safety issue, deserving of attention. The longer term societal implications are significant in terms of lost education opportunity, decreased earnings, personal distress and risk of subsequent mental ill and indeed physical ill health outcomes. This article seeks to alert the clinician to the symptomatology and thereby assist in righting this major health inequality, so that the future of depression care can be different from the past, and closer to ‘parity of esteem’ with the care deemed routine for major debilitating common physical health conditions in the UK.

Conduct disorders in children and adolescents are the most common mental health difficulty presenting to child health professionals. This review describes their prevalence and aetiology, as well as relevant evidenced-based interventions crucial to successful management.

Research documents a link between poverty and child welfare involvement, but the nature of this relationship is unclear. By providing in-depth accounts of situations leading to child welfare involvement, parents' perspectives can enrich our understanding of how poverty matters for child welfare involvement. Based on in-depth interviews with 40 poor parents previously investigated for child maltreatment, I discuss contexts of poverty that provided pathways to child welfare involvement. Poverty created environments of desperation and disadvantage, combined with reliance on supports that reported parents to child welfare agencies. The vast majority of incidents parents described implicated in their involvement parental adversities related to poverty; embeddedness in disadvantaged networks or volatile personal relationships; and/or involvement in, or need for, social services. These findings suggest a research approach that interrogates this complexity and maltreatment prevention policies that broadly strengthen supports for families and communities.

Background: An epidemiological rise of allergic diseases in developing countries raises new challenges. Currently a paucity of data exists describing allergy symptomology and sensitization to common food and aeroallergens in young children from developing countries. Objective: To compare changes in symptomology, food allergen sensitization and aeroallergen sensitization in a cross-sectional study of children <2 years and 2–10 years. Methods: A total of 192 allergic children (aged <2 years, 35 children; aged 2–10 years, 157 children) underwent specific IgE (>0.35 kU/L) to common food (egg white, cow’s milk, cod fish, wheat, peanut, soya, peanut, and shrimp) and house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Blomia tropicalis). Results: In children <2 years, atopic dermatitis (65.7%) was the most common symptom whereas in children 2–10 years it was rhinoconjunctivitis (74.5%). Higher sensitization rate to eggs (p < 0.01) and cow’s milk (p = 0.044) was seen in <2 years group when compared to the 2–10 years group, but no significant differences for shrimp (p = 0.29), wheat (p = 0.23) and soya (p = 0.057). Interestingly, sensitization to peanut (p = 0.012) and fish (p = 0.035) was significantly decreased in the 2–10 years group. Sensitization to house dust mites (p < 0.01) dramatically increased in the older children. Conclusion: Our study supports concept of atopic march from a developing country like Malaysia.

Marketing of a preschool exists because of high competition among the preschool managers in the public and private institutions. The objective of marketing strategy is important for them to deliver value to parents as well as strengthen their services while facing the challenges. The strategies will ensure each preschool to sustain providing the best services in the early childhood education program. Thus, the transforming of preschool business profit services had turn to the popular branded private preschool. However, although making profits by franchising and providing licensing to the other new preschool managers, sometimes managers neglect continually referring the marketing strategies. The marketing strategies help the managers to become the leader and expertise in the early education field. In order to achieve parents’ choices towards their preschool, applying the 7 Ps in services marketing are very important. The research of this study is based on the literature findings. This research also results the Integrated Framework of Marketing Strategies 7 Ps and Management Stage. During the stage of management, it is recommended to implement with 7 Ps Marketing Strategies for managers continually delivering value services. It is hope that the research from this study may contribute the urgency of knowing the marketing strategies and challenges among preschool managers